The Department of Health says South Africa has recorded a second laboratory-confirmed case of Mpox disease.
The country has recorded the second laboratory-confirmed case of Mpox disease, an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus with potential to cause a painful or itchy rash like pimples or blisters.
The new patient is the 39-year-old male who was admitted at Addington Hospital in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal without travel history to countries and regions currently experiencing the outbreak of the disease.
The first case was logged in Gauteng when a 35-year-old man tested positive on 9 May 2024.
The department says its working closely with the province and the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) and has activated contact tracing and case finding to identify and assess people in contact with the patient to prevent further transmission, especially at a household and community level.
“This will also assist to establish if the second case was in contact with the first case confirmed in Gauteng earlier this month.”
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) a total of 466 laboratory-confirmed cases of mpox and three deaths from 22 countries were reported globally in March 2024.
According to the department, this illustrates that low-level transmission continues worldwide.
The most affected WHO regions include Africa, Europe, the Americas, the Western Pacific and South-East Asia.
“In the African region, the Democratic Republic of the Congo reports the highest number of confirmed positive cases, which represents just over a tenth of the suspected clinically compatible cases and deaths reported.”
Meanwhile, the department said stigma and discrimination may prolong a disease outbreak by stopping people from coming forward for information or seeking testing or care, which undermines public health efforts.
The Annual Influenza Season
Meanwhile, South Africa is currently experiencing the annual influenza (flu) season, which started in the week of 22 April 2024.
According to the department, several flu strains are circulating causing severe health complications in some patients.
“This has been confused with the COVID-19 variant which has been in circulation with a low level of transmissibility and severity.”
The most commonly detected and circulating flu is “swine flu” because it causes disease in pigs, followed by influenza B/Victoria and influenza A (H3N2).
The department said this was not unusual as swine flu has been circulating as one of the annual seasonal flu strains since 2010.
“Influenza A virus is more severe in adults. About 8% to 10% of patients hospitalised for pneumonia and 25% of patients with flu-like illness such as fever and cough will test positive for influenza during the flu season in South Africa.”
According to the NICD surveillance data, the numbers of flu cases and positivity rates are increasing rapidly, but the transmission and impact remain at a moderate level of activity for both outpatient and hospitalised cases.
“This means that while there is a lot of influenza circulating, it is still within the expected range for a normal influenza season. Influenza may cause severe illness leading to hospitalisation or possibly death, especially among those who are at risk of severe influenza illness or complications.”
High-risk groups include pregnant women, mothers six weeks after delivery, individuals living with HIV, those with chronic conditions such as diabetes, lung disease, tuberculosis, heart disease, renal disease, obesity, the elderly and children under two years old.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, ventilation, and regular hand washing with water and soap or sanitiser can help to minimise the spread of the disease.